这是一个长途的旅程,我坐在车厢里,脑子里不知何时响起一首旧歌的旋律,当时我略感惊讶,我是怎么想起这首歌的?因为我清楚地记得,我不唱这首歌已经很久了。这时发生了一件奇怪的事情,我忽然听见有人哼起这首歌来,我连忙转过头去找那个唱歌的人。歌声是从一个正在整理行李的小伙子那传来的,他正在忙碌着,脑子里应该在思考整理行囊的事情,而唱歌只不过是不由自主地流露出来而已。
几年过去了,我一直在思考这个问题,是巧合还是存在心灵的感应呢?
前段时间,我在看弗洛伊德的《精神分析法》,里面有一章叫做《心灵感应》,这引起了我强烈的兴趣。待我看完,我马上完全相信了他的说法:一个念头会以脑电波的形式发射,转换成某些信号,而接收的人会将这些信号转换成同样的念头;这仅仅是一个物理的过程。
就在看完这本书的第二天,又发生了一件令我深信不疑的事件。我记得当时我和几位朋友在打牌,其中一位朋友可能太高兴了,他唱起一首久已忘怀的流行歌曲,可是他连歌词都唱不清楚,只是哼哼旋律。这首歌的旋律我非常熟悉,只不过我也想不起歌词,可能太旧了。当时我们的烟已经抽完,他们建议我下去买烟,于是,我脑子里带着这首歌的旋律走下了楼下。在小卖部和老板拿烟的时候,老板身边的一位朋友突然唱起了刚才我朋友唱的那首歌来。我愕然地看着他,感到十分震惊,难道这也是巧合?回到住所的时候,我问我朋友刚才他唱的那首歌的歌名,我的朋友说,不记得了,只记得是一首很旧的歌,可能有十年的历史了。
我开始感到,如果这是一个事实,那么它不应该是偶然的现象,而是普遍地存在于人们生活当中。这时你会提出一个尖锐的问题:如果我说的是真的,那为什么另一个坐在你身边的人,你并不知道他在想什么呢?
如果你曾经了解过什么是潜意识的话,那么我想你会赞同我下面的观点:心灵感应普遍地存在,当一个人的脑子里盘旋着某一个强烈而明显的观念或者情绪,并且这个观念或者情绪有节奏地重复,它就会被熟悉这个观念和情绪的人所感应。它的过程正如弗洛伊德所说的,是一个物理的过程,以脑电波的形式在转换。这就解释了我所遇到的两件事情,也回答了你的问题。你不知道你身边的人在思考什么,可由两种原因中的一种造成。第一,他的想法或者情绪不重复,或者是没有节奏地重复;第二,他的想法和情绪在有节奏地重复,可是你不熟悉这种想法或者情绪,尽管你可以接收到信号,你却无法翻译成你所熟悉的观念或者情绪,因而不能感知。就像没学过英语的人听别人讲英语一样,不知所云。
我不敢说我所说的绝对是真的,但万一是真的,我们就可以解答人的命运是如何形成的。
现在我们先撇开心灵感应不说,我们从人性入手。这是一个大话题,千百年来,人们争论人性的善与恶,然而我认为,善与恶都只是表象,不能作为人性的根本来谈论,这大概就是一直以来人们喋喋不休却不分胜负的真实原因。举个例子说,我们讨论老鼠的本质是狗还是猫,那不管我们怎么讨论、怎么辩解都是没有结果的。现在我提出的论点是:人性本自私。而善与恶正是在此基础上生发的两种现象。
既然我把人性定义为自私,那么我首先要定义自私的概念。自私是万物生存的本能,植物、动物都在争夺能令自己生存下去的资源。本能是不能违抗的,除人类以外,都不存在和本能违抗的现象,否则,违抗本能的个体就会受到惩罚。聪明的人会指出:我这样说,岂不是在教导人们不去行善?因为人类除了追求生存之外,还追求生活得更好一些,这自然也是本能,如果违抗了这种本能会受到惩罚,人们就不会再行善和友爱,这个世界就会变得极为冷漠。如果你继续问下去,你自己就会得出答案。首先,我把自私区分一下。上面提到的人性自私的自私为广义,我们日常所说的自私为狭义。现在我们继续问下去。假如人们按照狭义的自私生活,世界将到处充满斗争,人们的生活将会变得艰苦而不是更美好,人类从历史中会得出教训,只有违抗狭义的自私,互相友好,礼让与行善,大家才能生活得更美好。说到这里,你应该已经明白了,这正是服从了广义的自私,因而并没有真正去违抗自私的本能,自然就不会受到惩罚,所以,社会文明是鼓励人们行善积德的。
服从狭义自私的人令人生厌,他们只干对自己有利的事情,脑子里只有对自己有利的想法。你想,一个令人生厌的人会生活得美好吗?他们将到处碰壁,被人们所百般刁难,百事不顺;而一个克服了狭义自私的人,处处为他人着想,他得到的回报将会大于他所付出的,这正是广义的自私,这样的人到处受人欢迎,他们的生活和事业都将非常顺利,假如他们有一定的才能的话。这时我想起中国古代哲人说的一句话:仁者无敌。
我们知道,人们的行动服从于思想和情绪,而思想和情绪的根源是生活的环境(包括阅读过的书籍)。好了,现在我们可以去探讨,人的命运是怎样形成的。
我们把富裕的物质作为是否生活得更好为标准,人们的所谓命运,也就是取得这一标准的难易程度。当然,人们的生活方式各种各样,他们走在不同的道路上,有不同的遭遇,而这条路前方的路标,他们的理想,便是拥有更多的财富。我这里说的是绝大多数,在历史中有少量的人放弃这一理想,他们选择了第二命运——出世。
因为思想和情绪的根源是环境,所以在不同环境中长大的人们,他们的命运是不值得比较的,所以,我先假设我们成长的环境全部是一样的,尽管这样,人们生活的好坏还是会不同,这是为什么呢?那些生活在苦难中的人总是在问:为什么他们的命运是如此的不堪?
人们无法明白,决定他们命运的可能仅仅是一个巧合。家庭是社会的基本单位,儿童的思想和情绪的起初,是建立在家庭之上的,在儿童刚刚融入社会之初,他把已经成型的思想和情绪带入人群,这个小孩不需要说话,假如他的小脑袋里盘旋着对人群的敌意,并且有节奏地重复,人群将会感应,马上会在潜意识里对这个小孩形成不利的观念。这种在潜意识里的交流是循环的,并且恶性循环,那我们就可以想象小孩未来的生活将会多么坎坷了。那为什么同一家庭的小孩有不同的命运呢?这就是我说的,决定命运的可能仅仅是个巧合,因为,我们明白,人不是单方面的,同一家庭的小孩在融入人群的时候,如果他刚好对人群有友好的情绪,并且有节奏地重复,无疑,人群会感应到,从而潜意识里产生对小孩有利的观念,这种潜意识的交流将会形成良性的循环。这两种小孩将会在循环里形成成年固定的性格,经常会持有某种固定的情绪,诸如悲观、厌倦或者乐观、友好。这些情绪在成年以后不会是针对某个具体的人,但是,它一再地重复,于是在他生活环境中的人会无言地感应,如果他们熟悉这些情绪,将会产生同样的情绪。这样我们就能明白,为什么有些人总说自己的生活充满了灰暗,有些人总说自己的生活充满了阳光,他们的命运为何是截然不同的。悲观厌世的人永远生活在灰暗的世界里,他们不由自主地痛苦,他们并没有对别人做些什么不好的事情,但是他们所到之处,都不受欢迎,处处撞墙,这是因为他们把坏的情绪发射到别人的脑子里去了,人们不分事实,也拿那些情绪去对付他了。
当我在思考上面哪些情况的时候,我想到人生是非常复杂的,上面所有的情形都将会不断反复,所以少有两种极端的例子。但一个人在成长的过程中,性情会有巨大的习惯性,所以命运常常是自始至终,难于改变。
另外,我还想插一点,人们说的一见如故,在没有更多语言交流和了解对方的情况下,虽然难说这种现象和这种原理绝对关联,但这是完全可以作为一种解释的。
所有这一切,情绪和思想的相互作用,都是建立在自私的本性上的,假如没有自私作为原则,命运将不会存在,因为大自然的生存法则已经取消,你有什么样的思想和情绪都不会得到相应的作用。正是这种自私的原则,保证了自然和社会存在的可能,如果你对我不利,我也将对你不利;假如你对我有利,我也将对你有利,因为如果我用损害来回应你的善举,我同样会受到你的报复。
现在我们明白,命运是潜伏着的,很多事情在不经意间有了特定的轨迹。你现在所拥有的思想和情绪,全部建立在你所经历过的生活上,它决定了你在人群中被感知的东西,如果它们是美好的,你的生活就会顺利,如果它们是敌意的,你的生活就会坎坷。活着是一种状态,它朝某一个方向前进。我要一再阐明,命运不在于你说的话,表面作了多少功夫,命运在于你对人群的情绪和思想。
如果你能理解上面所说的话,我们就可以大胆说,从现在开始,命运是可以颠覆的,你要用清醒的意识去培养对别人的良好情绪,从思想上正确去思考生活,把现在所努力的作为一个将来的基础,形成一种新的、固定的模式,人生将会真正地改变。从明天就可以做起,当你走进办公室或者教室,尽量把那些厌恶某人的情绪压制,尽可能地喜欢每一个人,给他们真诚的笑脸,你得到的将不再会是以前那个灰暗的世界,一直因为无知而拥有的命运,将被你击个粉碎。
题外话:我所说的,仅仅是人和人之间的关系是如何形成的,而人和人之间的关系是否足以决定一个人的命运呢?那则未必,一个人可以不管世事,学自己的本领,正如爱因斯坦。不过,如果一个人没有好的情性,估计也极难学好本领,而这种情性正是从人与人之间的交往中形成的,所以,很大程度上,命运还是那样被决定了的。
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